Percepción de los derechos de salud para la población migrante en Chile: análisis desde Twitter

ObjectiveTo describe the different perceptions about health rights for migrant population in Chile published on Twitter, concerning the first liver transplant carried out in Chile to a foreign national woman from Haiti, in September 2018.MethodQualitative study, case analysis. The case corresponded to the first emergency liver transplant in a migrant woman in Chile. Opinions expressed on Twitter regarding this case were collected between September 29 and November 17 (n = 339). Thematic analysis was performed using NVivo12 software, with codes defined conforming to the objective.ResultsAccording to the perceptions raised on Twitter, the right to access health services of the migrant population in Chile should be limited, and priority should be given to nationals. These opinions coexist with viewing health as a human right. There are also feelings of racism and discrimination towards this group.ConclusionsIn Chile, there are different perceptions of what should grant rights of access to migrant health services. This situation can generate a worsening of stigmatization and vulnerability faced by migrants and a barrier to the policy's implementation, further exacerbating the presence of health inequities.     

Trends in Physical Fitness Among 12-Year-Old Children in Urban and Rural Areas During the Social Transformation Period in China

Aims

To investigate the 29-year (1985–2014) trends in body dimensions and physical fitness test performances among 12-year-old Chinese children living in urban and rural areas.

An Ethics-based approach to Global Health Research Part 3: Emphasis on Partnership Funding

Acquiring funding for global health research within pharmacy can be challenging, particularly for new investigators who may have a strong interest in resolving global dilemmas related to health. Moreover, there can be inherent imbalances and ethical issues when navigating the funding process for global partnerships. There exists a lack of literature providing ethical guidance for mitigating dilemmas that may arise. This commentary discusses current funding streams for investigators interested in global pharmacy research, as well as specific recommendations for the funding process. These recommendations include managing award funds, ethical considerations for funding research partnerships, and balancing power between low to middle income countries and high-income countries. Lastly, case examples of funding partnerships involving pharmacy are highlighted, emphasizing important lessons learned. This commentary addresses the critical need for providing global health researchers with both important considerations and experience-based recommendations for navigating global funding partnerships using an ethical approach.     

Determinantes sociales de la salud de distintos niveles por género: educación y hogar en España

Objective

To explore from a gender perspective the association with subjective health of the interaction between education and household arrangements within the framework of social determinants of health placed at the micro and mezzo levels.

A discussion of the unresolved 2016/17 plans for regulating the Polish dietary supplements market

The Polish dietary supplement market is growing steadily. However, even though these products may have an impact on health they are not as strongly regulated as pharmaceuticals. In 2016/17 the introduction of new regulations covering the marketing of dietary supplements in Poland was proposed. This article briefly describes the Polish market for dietary supplements and assesses the benefits and risks associated with its development. A range of potential legislative changes, such as a total ban on dietary supplements, a ban on using the images and recommendations of authoritative entities, increased fines for breaking the law, and other measures are under consideration. We describe the advantages (e.g., better customer protection, and the limitation of inappropriate, misleading advertising) and disadvantages (e.g., a decrease in product innovation, deterioration in product offerings, and rises in product prices) of the proposed changes. As a European Union member, Poland adopts EU law, but EU directives have only harmonized some issues relating to dietary supplement marketing, other key aspects remaining within the competence of member states, but it is noted that some proposed changes in Polish law (e.g., an advertising ban) are so strict that they are unlikely to be acceptable to the EU.     

Inhibition of Cdc42–intersectin interaction by small molecule ZCL367 impedes cancer cell cycle progression,proliferation, migration,and tumor growth

Cdc42 is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases that are at the crossroads of major oncogenic signaling pathways involved in both lung and prostate cancers. However, the therapeutic potential of Cdc42 regulation is still unclear due to the lack of pharmacological tools. Herein, we report that ZCL367 is a bona fide Cdc42 inhibitor that suppressed cancer development and ZCL278 can act as a partial Cdc42 agonist. In lung cancer cell lines with varying EGFR and Ras mutations as well as both androgen-independent and androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines, ZCL367 impeded cell cycle progression, reduced proliferation, and suppressed migration. ZCL367 decreased Cdc42–intersectin interactions and reduced Cdc42-mediated filopodia formation. ZCL367 showed increased potency and selectivity for Cdc42 when compared to Rac1 and RhoA. ZCL367 reduced A549 tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model. Altogether, ZCL367 is a selective Cdc42 inhibitor and an excellent candidate for lead compound optimization for further anticancer studies.     

Childhood socio‐economic disadvantage predicts reduced myelin growth across adolescence and young adulthood

Socio‐economic disadvantage increases exposure to life stressors. Animal research suggests early life stressors impact later neurodevelopment, including myelin developmental growth. To determine how early life disadvantage may affect myelin growth in adolescence and young adulthood, we analysed data from an accelerated longitudinal neuroimaging study measuring magnetisation transfer (MT), a myelin‐sensitive marker, in 288 participants (149 female) between 14 and 25 years of age at baseline. We found that early life economic disadvantage before age 12, measured by a neighbourhood poverty index, was associated with slower myelin growth. This association was observed for magnetization transfer in cortical, subcortical and core white matter regions, and also in key subcortical nuclei. Participant IQ at baseline, alcohol use, body mass index, parental occupation and self‐reported parenting quality did not account for these effects, but parental education did so partially. Specifically, positive parenting moderated the effect of socio‐economic disadvantage in a protective manner. Thus, early socioeconomic disadvantage appears to alter myelin growth across adolescence. This finding has potential translational implications, including clarifying whether reducing socio‐economic disadvantage during childhood, and increasing parental education and positive parenting, promote normal trajectories of brain development in economically disadvantaged contexts.     

An ode to fetal,infant, and toddler neuroimaging: Chronicling early clinical to research applications with MRI,and an introduction to an academic society connecting the field

Fetal, infant, and toddler neuroimaging is commonly thought of as a development of modern times (last two decades). Yet, this field mobilized shortly after the discovery and implementation of MRI technology. Here, we provide a review of the parallel advancements in the fields of fetal, infant, and toddler neuroimaging, noting the shifts from clinical to research use, and the ongoing challenges in this fast-growing field. We chronicle the pioneering science of fetal, infant, and toddler neuroimaging, highlighting the early studies that set the stage for modern advances in imaging during this developmental period, and the large-scale multi-site efforts which ultimately led to the explosion of interest in the field today. Lastly, we consider the growing pains of the community and the need for an academic society that bridges expertise in developmental neuroscience, clinical science, as well as computational and biomedical engineering, to ensure special consideration of the vulnerable mother-offspring dyad (especially during pregnancy), data quality, and image processing tools that are created, rather than adapted, for the young brain.     

Nursing and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a COVID-19 world: The state of the science and a call for nursing to lead

The World Health Organization declared 2020 the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife well before the world was plunged into a pandemic response to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Worldwide, nurses are advancing critical research and policy efforts to achieve all 17 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Nursing is best positioned to ask and answer how to achieve the SDGs over the next decade, and in this COVID-19 era. In this article, we summarize the state of the nursing and midwifery literature about the SDGs. Twenty-four publications met criteria for inclusion, with nearly half published in 2019. Findings emphasize a need for: (a) nursing curricula and training revisions to include SDG content and strengthen development of a future nursing workforce comprised of global citizens; (b) innovative and disruptive nursing research documenting advances toward achieving the SDG 2030 agenda; (c) nursing practice that operates within a SDG framework; and (d) responsive and proactive nursing policy development that foresees what is needed to achieve the SDGs. When the urgency of COVID-19 response subsides, the world will adjust to a new normal and nursing must be positioned to lead and contribute to micro- and macro-level efforts toward achieving the SDGs.